Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial

Peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5) is a thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, thereby protecting cells against oxidative stress and modulating hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling (UniProt: P30044). The protein is a mitochondrial enzyme with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

In Alzheimer's disease, PRDX5 shows relevance to the pathogenic mechanisms involving oxidative stress. Human post-mortem AD brain tissue exhibits upregulation of PRDX5 compared to age-matched controls, with a mean log2 fold-change of 0.97 across the assayed subcellular fractions (Chaparral AD proteomics). This elevation was detected via TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics across four subcellular fractions (P2, P3, S2, S3), suggesting a compensatory oxidative stress response in the AD brain.