Peroxiredoxin-1

Peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) is a thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, protecting cells against oxidative stress (UniProt: Q06830). The protein functions as a sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling and may regulate intracellular H₂O₂ concentrations in growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling cascades. Additionally, PRDX1 reduces an intramolecular disulfide bond in GDPD5 to facilitate postmitotic motor neuron differentiation.

PRDX1 is relevant to Alzheimer's Disease pathology. In human post-mortem AD brain tissue compared to age-matched controls, PRDX1 was significantly upregulated with a mean log2 fold-change of 0.58 (Chaparral AD proteomics). This upregulation was detected across the TMT-labeled, four subcellular fractions (P2, P3, S2, S3) analyzed by data-dependent acquisition proteomics, suggesting consistent elevation of this antioxidant enzyme across multiple cellular compartments in the AD brain.