Neuroligin-4, X-linked

Neuroligin-4, X-linked (NLGN4X) is a cell surface protein that mediates cell-cell interactions through binding to neurexin family members (UniProt: Q8N0W4). The protein is 816 amino acids in length and functions as a key synaptic adhesion molecule.

NLGN4X is expressed in neural tissues where it plays a critical role in synaptic organization and function. Mutations in NLGN4X are associated with Autism, X-linked 2 (AUTSX2), a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted behavioral patterns, and intellectual disability that typically manifests by age 3.

NLGN4X is classified as a syndromic autism gene with SFARI category 2 evidence (SFARI Cat 2), indicating strong scientific support for its role in autism susceptibility. The X-linked inheritance pattern and functional involvement in synaptic cell-adhesion underscore its importance in neurodevelopmental pathways disrupted in autism spectrum conditions.