Sorting nexin-1

Sorting nexin-1 (SNX1) is a cytosolic protein that mediates intracellular membrane trafficking and cargo transport (UniProt: Q13596). It functions as a component of the retromer complex, a membrane-deforming machinery that orchestrates retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network and regulates recycling of cargo proteins to the plasma membrane. SNX1 also participates in lysosomal targeting of growth factor receptors such as EGFR and in membrane remodeling processes dependent on interactions with KALRN and RHOG.

SNX1 is involved in endosomal recycling pathways critical for cellular homeostasis and receptor trafficking across multiple tissues. Dysregulation of retromer-mediated trafficking has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease contexts, though no specific disease associations are listed in UniProt for this protein.

In Alzheimer's disease brain tissue, SNX1 is significantly down-regulated (mean log2 fold-change −0.64) relative to age-matched controls, based on mass spectrometry analysis of post-mortem tissue fractions (Chaparral AD proteomics). This reduction may impair endosomal recycling and trafficking pathways implicated in amyloid precursor protein metabolism and synaptic maintenance, processes central to AD pathology.