ADP/ATP translocase 2

ADP/ATP translocase 2 (SLC25A5, also known as ANT2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that functions as an ADP:ATP antiporter, mediating the exchange of cytosolic ATP for matrix ADP to support ATP synthesis. Beyond its primary role in energy metabolism, SLC25A5 also serves as a proton transporter involved in mitochondrial uncoupling and thermogenesis, and contributes to mitochondrial permeability transition pore activity and mitophagy regulation (UniProt: P05141).

SLC25A5 is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and plays a central role in cellular energy homeostasis by balancing ATP production against thermogenic activity. The protein interacts with components of mitochondrial protein quality control pathways and the mitotic spindle-associated MMXD complex, suggesting broader roles in cellular process regulation beyond energy metabolism.

In Alzheimer's Disease, SLC25A5 shows ambiguous regulation across subcellular fractions of post-mortem AD brain tissue compared to age-matched controls. The mean log2 fold-change is +0.67 (Chaparral AD proteomics), indicating modest directional inconsistency across the four fractions analyzed (P2, P3, S2, S3), suggesting complex or compartment-dependent alterations in AD pathology.