1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha

AGPAT1 (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha) catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), a critical step in phospholipid biosynthesis (UniProt: Q99943). This enzyme incorporates an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, thereby regulating membrane lipid composition and cellular signaling downstream of PA-responsive pathways.

AGPAT1 is implicated in lipid metabolism across multiple tissues and cell types. While no disease associations are documented in the primary UniProt record, the enzyme's role in membrane biogenesis and remodeling suggests relevance to neurodegenerative processes where lipid homeostasis is disrupted.

AGPAT1 is downregulated in Alzheimer's Disease brain tissue. Proteomics analysis of post-mortem AD brain compared to age-matched controls revealed a mean log₂ fold-change of −0.35 (Chaparral AD proteomics), suggesting reduced PA synthesis capacity in the disease state. This downregulation may reflect impaired phospholipid remodeling and membrane integrity in AD pathology.