Lactoylglutathione lyase

Lactoylglutathione lyase (GLO1) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione (UniProt: Q04760). The enzyme plays a role in regulating TNF-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and is required for normal osteoclastogenesis.

GLO1 is widely expressed across tissues and functions in cellular detoxification pathways, particularly in managing reactive carbonyl species. No explicit disease associations are documented in UniProt for this protein.

GLO1 shows elevated expression in Alzheimer's Disease brain tissue. Analysis of post-mortem AD brain versus age-matched controls using TMT-labeled proteomics across four subcellular fractions (P2, P3, S2, S3) detected GLO1 as upregulated with a mean log2 fold-change of 0.58 (Chaparral AD proteomics). This upregulation may reflect altered cellular stress responses or changes in methylglyoxal detoxification in the AD brain microenvironment.