Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1

ACSL1 (Long-chain-fatty-acid–CoA ligase 1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active acyl-CoA forms, facilitating both cellular lipid synthesis and beta-oxidation for energy metabolism. The protein preferentially activates palmitoleate, oleate, linoleate, and arachidonate (UniProt: P33121).

ACSL1 is widely expressed and plays a key role in lipid homeostasis across tissues. No disease associations are listed in the UniProt entry (UniProt: P33121), though dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism has been implicated in various pathological conditions.

ACSL1 is curated as relevant to Alzheimer's Disease. In post-mortem AD brain tissue, ACSL1 is significantly upregulated compared to age-matched controls (mean log2 fold-change: 0.3818), based on quantitative proteomics across subcellular fractions (P2, P3, S2, S3) using TMT-labeled tandem mass spectrometry (Chaparral AD proteomics). This upregulation may reflect altered lipid metabolism in AD pathology.