Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1

ATP1B1 encodes the non-catalytic beta-1 subunit of the sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase, a key regulator of the active pump that exchanges Na⁺ and K⁺ ions across cell membranes (UniProt: P05026). Beyond ion transport, ATP1B1 participates in cell adhesion, epithelial polarity, and innate immune signaling by enhancing ubiquitination of TRAF3/TRAF6 and phosphorylation of TAK1/TBK1 to promote interferon responses.

ATP1B1 is widely expressed across tissues and plays fundamental roles in neuronal excitability and synaptic function. The protein regulates sodium pump trafficking to the plasma membrane by forming alpha/beta heterodimers, a process essential for neuronal homeostasis.

ATP1B1 has been interrogated in Alzheimer's Disease proteomics. In human post-mortem AD brain compared to age-matched controls across four subcellular fractions (P2, P3, S2, S3), ATP1B1 showed ambiguous direction of change with a mean log2 fold-change of 0.0947 (Chaparral AD proteomics). This modest, inconsistent signal across fractions suggests ATP1B1 may undergo compartment-specific alterations in AD pathology rather than a uniform shift in total abundance.