ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d, mitochondrial

ATP5PD encodes ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d, a component of the mitochondrial F₁F₀-ATP synthase complex (Complex V) (UniProt: O75947). This subunit is part of the peripheral stalk, which functions as a stator to stabilize the catalytic core relative to the rotating central stalk during ATP synthesis driven by the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

ATP5PD is expressed in mitochondria-rich tissues where oxidative phosphorylation is active. No baseline diseases are annotated in UniProt for this gene. The protein's role in cellular energy production positions it within core metabolic pathways essential for neuronal function.

This protein has been curated for Alzheimer's Disease relevance based on Chaparral AD proteomics data. Analysis of post-mortem AD brain tissue versus age-matched controls showed ambiguous direction of change across subcellular fractions (mean log2FC +0.68, two fractions measured). The inconsistent regulation across fractions suggests compartment-specific changes in ATP5PD abundance in AD pathology, though no uniform up- or down-regulation pattern emerged (Chaparral AD proteomics).