Nucleoprotein TPR

TPR (Nucleoprotein TPR) is a large scaffolding component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) essential for nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs (UniProt: P12270). It regulates nuclear export of unspliced mRNAs, modulates MAPK1/ERK2 and huntingtin transport, and functions in perinuclear heterochromatin organization and spindle-assembly checkpoint control during mitosis.

TPR is expressed in nuclear structures and has been associated with intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 79 (MRT79), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability (UniProt: P12270). Its role in nuclear transport and chromatin architecture links it to fundamental cellular processes.

In Alzheimer's disease, TPR is up-regulated in post-mortem AD brain tissue compared to age-matched controls (mean log2FC 0.2029) based on TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics across multiple subcellular fractions (Chaparral AD proteomics). This elevation may reflect altered nucleocytoplasmic transport or stress responses within degenerating AD neurons, though the functional significance in disease pathogenesis remains to be determined.